What is a Vertebrate?
An animal with a backbone, or spinal column, made of interlocking units called vertebrae.
Swimming is a common and important component of vertebrate behavior.
Many vertebrates live in or near water, and most vertebrates can swim if necessary.
Vertebrate Embryos
How the embryonic develops?
The zygote develops 3 germ layers:
-Ectoderm
-Endoderm
-Mesoderm
The neural crest is the final germ layer that forms in the embryo.
All vertebrate embryos go through a pharyngeal stage where they have pharyngeal clefts which are precursors to gills.
In everybody but fish these disappear, but their linings give rise to many glands in the lymphatic system: thymus, tonsils, carotid bones, parathyroid glands
Axial Skeleton and Musculature
The notochord is the original “backbone” of all the chordates
Vertebrae or cartilage or bone surround and replace the notochord as it develops, although portions remain as intervertebral disks in adult tetrapods
The notochord is packed with incompressible fluid- filled vacuoles that make it rigid. It’s wrapped in a fibrous sheath and is the attahcment site for segmental muscles and connective tissues
The Nervous System
Vertebrates are unique in having a dual nervous system:
Somatic or Voluntary: innervates the limb muscles we consciously move and relays sensory information from the skin
Visceral or Involuntary: innervates organ muscles and the sensors that monitor things like blood pH.
Classification Of A Vertebrate
Vertebrate are from the groups of Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals
Fish, they are ectothermic, aquatic vertebrates.
Amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates.
Reptiles are ectothermic vertebrates.
Birds are endothermic vertebrates.
Mammals are endothermic vertebrates.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate
http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/FiveVertebrates.htm
http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/wfb232/locomotionWebb.pdf
http://kingfish.coastal.edu/biology/sgilman/485Ch2VertStructure.pdf
http://www.sbaa.ca/glossary.asp
http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/vertebrata.html
http://www.bible.ca/tracks/textbook-fraud-embryology-earnst-haeckel-biogenetic-law.htm
I have learnt that all vertebrate embryos have pharyngeal clefts which are precursors to gills.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that the vetebrates are one of the smartest group of animal, if a goldfish is compared to a sea anemone, the goldfish would be Einstein.
I have learnt that...all vertebrates have a spinal chord, or a backbone. Vertebrates live near the water, and they will swim if necessary. They can also be further classified into these groups: Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals. Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles are ectothermic, or cold blooded, while Birds and Mammals are endothermic, or warm blooded.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that...although vertebrates represent a very small percentage of all organisms, their size and mobility allows them to dominate their environment, especially humans, who are more intelligent than other animals.
I have learnt that...
ReplyDeleteAmphibians are vertebraes. I always had the impression that they are just 'a blob of goo/slime' without any structure whatsoever, so this changed they way I looked at them.
I have discovered that...
The word 'amphibian' came from the Greek word 'amphibio', 'amphi' meaning 'both', 'bio' meaning 'life'. This means that the word is used to describe living things that fall under more than one of the kingdoms, which is what amphibians are like.
I have learnt that all vertebrates can swim if necessary. I also learned that vertebrates have a dual nervous system.They are the Somatic and Visceral.
ReplyDeleteI have learned that vertebrates first appeared during the Cambrian Explosion which was a period in time when a lot of different species made their appearances. Myllokunmingia is though to be the first vertebrate that has appeared in the history of the earth.
I have learned that vertebrate embryos have pharyngeal clefts which are precursors to gills. These pharyngeal clefts disappear in all but fishes.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that vertebrates are the most anatomically and functionally diverse animals on Earth even though they make up only about 5% of the animals on the planet.
I have learnt that all vertebrae have dual nervous systems; the voluntary, and involuntary systems. The voluntary are the muscles that we consciously move and that relay information to back to the brain through the nerves, and the involuntary are the parts of our body that we cannot control, such as the reflex actions.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that most vertebrae reproduce through sexual reproduction, in which the offspring has characteristics from both the male and female parents.
I have learnt that swimming is a common and important component of vertebrate behavior and it is an animal with a backbone or spinal column
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that all vertebrate embryos go through a pharyngeal stage where they have pharyngeal clefts which are precursors to gills and the notochord is packed with incompressible fluid- filled vacuoles that make it rigid.
I have learnt that:
ReplyDeletethe zygote of the vertebrate develops 3 germ layers, with the neural crest being the final layer that forms the embryo.
I have discovered that:
scientist believe that the first vertebrate found on Earth had a fishlike body with individual segmented muscles along its entire body. They were small ocean dwellers who lived close to the bottom. They move by contracting their muscles and swishing its tail in a side-to-side motion.
I have learnt that...
ReplyDeleteVertebrates are unique in having a dual nervous system:
Somatic or Voluntary / Visceral or Involuntary;
and that all vertebrates can swim if necessary.
I have discovered that...
the number of vertebrates on earth is much much lesser than invertebrates, that was surprising to me. I have always thought that vertebrates were more than invertebrates.
I have learnt that many vertebrates live in or near water.Vertebrae or cartilage or bone surround and replace the notochord as it develops, although portions remain as intervertebral disks in adult tetrapods.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that there are 58,000 species of vertebrates currently, whereas invertebrates takes up 95% of all animal species.
I have learnt that the zygote develops 3 germ layers, the Ectoderm, Endoderm and the Mesoderm.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that vertebrates are smart and have very advanced nervous systems.
I have learnt that all vertebrate embryos go through a pharyngeal stage where they have pharyngeal clefts which are precursors to gills.
ReplyDeleteIn everybody but fish these disappear, but their linings give rise to many glands in the lymphatic system: thymus, tonsils, carotid bones, parathyroid glands
I discovered that it could be sub divided into Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Agnatha (jawless fish)
Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
Class Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
Class Amphibia (amphibians)
Class Reptilia (reptiles)
Class Aves (birds)
Class Mammalia (mammals)
i have learnt that all vertebrates can swim when needed to.
ReplyDeletei discovered that the vertebrates have a more advance nervous system.
I learnt the key characteristics of a vertebrate(didn't mentioned today,only know after reading)
ReplyDeleteWhat I have discovered:
I thought vertebrates only have one key characteristics which is having a backbone.I never though vertebrates also has a dual nervous system.Thanks for the information.
Quite informative.
ReplyDelete**Better if you can put in definitions of some of the words,dun understand**
I learnt that all vertebrae used to have clefts like gills as embryos.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that the first vertebrates appeared about 10,000 years ago.
I have learnt that vertebrates have three germ layers.
ReplyDeleteI have discovered that most vertebrates reproduce through sexual reproduction